A caregiver guidebook and audiotape used as basis for nurse interactions (2 home visits w/ phone call between visits, based on intervention materials modeled after stress and coping theory.) Guidebook provides caregivers with written information related to aspects of caring for a dying person. Audiotape features reflections from carers, self-care strategies and structured relaxation exercises.
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Brief (6 session) psychologist-led group for spouses developed based on psychoeducation, support, and communication literature. First two groups had educational/ medical component (questions answered by medical onconologist); remaining groups were supportive in nature, less structured, and focused on building communication with patient.
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Standardized home-care nursing intervention (3 home visits and 6 phone calls) delivered to caregivers, including problem assessment and monitoring, symptom management, self-care, coordination of resources.
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A nursing intervention emphasizing symptom monitoring/management, education, emotional support, coordination of services, and caregiver preparation to care. Nurses made a total of nine contacts, five in person and four by telephone, over 16 weeks.
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Structured psychoeducational 6-week (1 hr) group led by trained professionals,(psychologist, social worker, nutritionist). Session content consisted of health-related or psychological information. Group psychological content divided into: coping skills and open communication/ social support. Coping skills topics included education about adaptive/ maladaptive techniques.
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Family-based intervention based on 5 core components that form the acronym FOCUS (Family involvement, Optimistic attitude, Coping effectiveness, Uncertainty reduction, Symptom management). Consisted of 5 nurse-led contacts- 3 (1.5hour) in-home visits spaced monthly and 2 phone follow-ups.
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